Integrand size = 15, antiderivative size = 287 \[ \int \frac {x^{5/2}}{a+c x^4} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}+\frac {\arctan \left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}+\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}} \]
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Time = 0.17 (sec) , antiderivative size = 287, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 14, number of rules used = 11, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.733, Rules used = {335, 307, 303, 1176, 631, 210, 1179, 642, 304, 211, 214} \[ \int \frac {x^{5/2}}{a+c x^4} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}+1\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}+\frac {\log \left (-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}} \]
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Rule 210
Rule 211
Rule 214
Rule 303
Rule 304
Rule 307
Rule 335
Rule 631
Rule 642
Rule 1176
Rule 1179
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = 2 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^6}{a+c x^8} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{\sqrt {-a}-\sqrt {c} x^4} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {c}}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{\sqrt {-a}+\sqrt {c} x^4} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{\sqrt {c}} \\ & = -\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt [4]{c} x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{2 c^{3/4}}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{c} x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{2 c^{3/4}}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt [4]{c} x^2}{\sqrt {-a}+\sqrt {c} x^4} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{2 c^{3/4}}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{c} x^2}{\sqrt {-a}+\sqrt {c} x^4} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{2 c^{3/4}} \\ & = \frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}-\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{c}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{c}}+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{4 c}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{c}}+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{4 c}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a}}{\sqrt [8]{c}}+2 x}{-\frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{c}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{c}}-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a}}{\sqrt [8]{c}}-2 x}{-\frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{c}}-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}} \\ & = \frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}-\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}+\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}} \\ & = -\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}-\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}+\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} c^{7/8}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.61 (sec) , antiderivative size = 237, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.83 \[ \int \frac {x^{5/2}}{a+c x^4} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {1-\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}} \left (\sqrt [4]{a}-\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}\right )+\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {1+\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}} \left (\sqrt [4]{a}-\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}\right )+\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{c} x}\right )+\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {-\left (\left (-2+\sqrt {2}\right ) x\right )}}{\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{c} x}\right )}{4 \sqrt [8]{a} c^{7/8}} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 4.08 (sec) , antiderivative size = 29, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.10
method | result | size |
derivativedivides | \(\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (c \,\textit {\_Z}^{8}+a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (\sqrt {x}-\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}}}{4 c}\) | \(29\) |
default | \(\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (c \,\textit {\_Z}^{8}+a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (\sqrt {x}-\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}}}{4 c}\) | \(29\) |
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 288, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {x^{5/2}}{a+c x^4} \, dx=-\left (\frac {1}{8} i - \frac {1}{8}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (\left (\frac {1}{2} i + \frac {1}{2}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a c^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + \sqrt {x}\right ) + \left (\frac {1}{8} i + \frac {1}{8}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-\left (\frac {1}{2} i - \frac {1}{2}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a c^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + \sqrt {x}\right ) - \left (\frac {1}{8} i + \frac {1}{8}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (\left (\frac {1}{2} i - \frac {1}{2}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a c^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + \sqrt {x}\right ) + \left (\frac {1}{8} i - \frac {1}{8}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-\left (\frac {1}{2} i + \frac {1}{2}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a c^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + \sqrt {x}\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (a c^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + \sqrt {x}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} i \, \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (i \, a c^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + \sqrt {x}\right ) + \frac {1}{4} i \, \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-i \, a c^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + \sqrt {x}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-a c^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a c^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + \sqrt {x}\right ) \]
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Time = 17.72 (sec) , antiderivative size = 289, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.01 \[ \int \frac {x^{5/2}}{a+c x^4} \, dx=\begin {cases} \frac {\tilde {\infty }}{\sqrt {x}} & \text {for}\: a = 0 \wedge c = 0 \\\frac {2 x^{\frac {7}{2}}}{7 a} & \text {for}\: c = 0 \\- \frac {2}{c \sqrt {x}} & \text {for}\: a = 0 \\\frac {\log {\left (\sqrt {x} - \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}} \right )}}{4 c \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}}} - \frac {\log {\left (\sqrt {x} + \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}} \right )}}{4 c \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} \log {\left (- 4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}} + 4 x + 4 \sqrt [4]{- \frac {a}{c}} \right )}}{8 c \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} \log {\left (4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}} + 4 x + 4 \sqrt [4]{- \frac {a}{c}} \right )}}{8 c \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}}} + \frac {\operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}}} \right )}}{2 c \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} \operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}}} - 1 \right )}}{4 c \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} \operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}}} + 1 \right )}}{4 c \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}}} & \text {otherwise} \end {cases} \]
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\[ \int \frac {x^{5/2}}{a+c x^4} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{\frac {5}{2}}}{c x^{4} + a} \,d x } \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 445 vs. \(2 (190) = 380\).
Time = 0.43 (sec) , antiderivative size = 445, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.55 \[ \int \frac {x^{5/2}}{a+c x^4} \, dx=\frac {\left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + 2 \, \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{2 \, a \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {\left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} - 2 \, \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{2 \, a \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {\left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + 2 \, \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{2 \, a \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {\left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} - 2 \, \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{2 \, a \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {\left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \log \left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + x + \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{4 \, a \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {\left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \log \left (-\sqrt {x} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + x + \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{4 \, a \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {\left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \log \left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + x + \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{4 \, a \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {\left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \log \left (-\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + x + \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{4 \, a \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} \]
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Time = 5.79 (sec) , antiderivative size = 118, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.41 \[ \int \frac {x^{5/2}}{a+c x^4} \, dx=\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {c^{1/8}\,\sqrt {x}}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}}\right )}{2\,{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}\,c^{7/8}}+\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {c^{1/8}\,\sqrt {x}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}}\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2\,{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}\,c^{7/8}}+\frac {\sqrt {2}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\,c^{1/8}\,\sqrt {x}\,\left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {1}{2}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{4}-\frac {1}{4}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}\,c^{7/8}}+\frac {\sqrt {2}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\,c^{1/8}\,\sqrt {x}\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {1}{2}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{4}+\frac {1}{4}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}\,c^{7/8}} \]
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